![]() We also disallow two-word tokens being adjacent (e.g. We define the input text to be a sequence of tokens, where each token is either a single symbol (such as space, punctuation, number, newline) or a word (a sequence of consecutive uppercase/lowercase letters). We assume that it is in plain text format (no markup, HTML, etc.). Et l Ae R Gv O AY ART: Hj BP x BS D AmN, J l CQ d CK O QQ h Hv, s h Hs R ADz, ' jx Bp ADl J ANT, CV ARi AK' AH iFPPIKi!' EA l Tn To h BV Y Hs D ADz, Ac D Eh l BT AsO O AY APn: Y EL Ce d R AsQ, gz Zp, CJ l VIAF BK BU R Apg U VNtkAH ASG CS D LSSAI.Ĭodebook sample for Huffman coding: AA âyâįirst, letâs clarify how the input text is interpreted. X l Ae R gE pfLP, J Y rN BK AX O AG XQ d R Xv: Y CO Hr, Ac h l AM ATW SAjFLpFNW HH AG l HA EV ACJ, J D Gm Eh l TX d aQ, pfLLAAIKi BR AK. Br n bc e fy d bb bpo: gp cf M cb b cmc, c n du l cr d kl g ed, p g ka e bes, ' Ep dh bap c buf, cq xy g' t hs!' H n lx lv g ch h ka b bes, ba b Ec n bs bpn d bb ks: h fl ce l e fs, ko qo, dn n alit bo ci e chk f alamps boh ea b yq. M n bc e jo bop, c h xx bo v d q ip l e fy: h eo bo, ba g n w bmb aoverhead ex q n hq fs bht, c b Gh Ec n mo l pu, ahurrying bq g. There was not a moment to be lost: away went Alice like the wind, and was just in time to hear it say, as it turned a corner, 'Oh my ears and whiskers, how late it's getting!' She was close behind it when she turned the corner, but the Rabbit was no longer to be seen: she found herself in a long, low hall, which was lit up by a row of lamps hanging from the roof. ![]() X l TF O CX Ad ga U Xk BU AG qb AX D AUT, J U ZA Gu O Gk: HE AZ qN Y AJ AQV Ba D AER AG qb l LFNWIKi, Ac h AJ BT ACF AZ AwW d AK, ' J BI BG D GA U R ji,' Be x' EG ACF AZ AwW?'Īlice was not a bit hurt, and she jumped up on to her feet in a moment: she looked up, but it was all dark overhead before her was another long passage, and the White Rabbit was still in sight, hurrying down it. M n ke d em bg wr f pv ci q rg v b bkt, c f pg fo d bt: fp bd bdd h z bqz cv b nq q rg n bii, ba g z bs bhx bd bxt l g, ' c bh bi b ga f e nq,' cm M ' fq bhx bd bxt?' The Rabbit Sends in a Little BillĪlice was beginning to get very tired of sitting by her sister on the bank, and of having nothing to do: once or twice she had peeped into the book her sister was reading, but it had no pictures or conversations in it, 'and what is the use of a book,' thought Alice 'without pictures or conversations?' Paragraph samples: (Tip: hover over an encoded word to see the original word) OriginalĬHAPTER IV. Input text (164 KB) (line breaks removed).Original text ( from Project Gutenberg).When you view the full text files, you will need a text editor that supports soft line wrapping. The text was preprocessed to remove the hard line wrapping newlines within paragraphs because the encoding schemes described here will change the word lengths and thus the line lengths. Sample textįor these encoding experiments, the full text of the book Aliceâs Adventures in Wonderland by Lewis Carroll was used. ![]() What would happen if we replaced common words with short letter sequences and uncommon words with longer sequences â what would the result look like? Consider this as an experiment in increasing the information entropy of natural language text. In a typical block of text, some words â like the, and, is â occur far more often than others. Letâs take it a step further and consider English words instead of individual letters. ![]() A typical homework exercise for computer science students is to write a program that creates an optimal Huffman code for the English alphabet, and try to encode some texts with it to observe the compression achieved. We know that some letters occur more frequently than others in English text. Huffman-coding English words Introduction
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